Ukuqhoboshela iiBraki eziNcedisayo njengeNkuselo yeeBraki
Ulawulo lobushushu luphawu oluphambiliukhuseleko lwezithuthi zorhwebokwiindawo ezinde ezisezantsi. Iibhuleki zesiseko—nokuba ziidrama okanye iinkqubo zediski yomoya—zenzelwe ukuguqula amandla e-kinetic esithuthi abe ngamandla obushushu ngokusebenzisa ukungqubana koomatshini. Nangona kunjalo, ukuthembela ngokuqinileyo kwiibhuleki zesiseko ngexesha lokuhla kwexesha elide kugcwalisa ngokukhawuleza amandla azo obushushu. Xa amaqondo obushushu edrama yebrake edlula ama-250°C (482°F), izinto zokungqubana ziqala ukuphuma kwigesi, zenze umaleko womda onciphisa kakhulu amandla okuma, into eyaziwa ngokuba yi-brake fade. Kwiimeko ezigqithisileyo, amaqondo obushushu anokunyuka ngaphaya kwama-500°C (932°F), okukhokelela ekungasebenzi kakuhle kwesakhiwo, ekutshisweni kwamatayara, okanye ekulahlekelweni ngokupheleleyo kolawulo lwesithuthi.
Iinkqubo zokuqhobosha ezincedisayo zisebenza njengenyathelo eliphambili lokulwa noxinzelelo lobushushu. Ngokubonelela nge-torque ephindaphindayo kwi-drivetrain endaweni yeephelo zamavili, ezi nkqubo zifunxa kwaye zichithe amandla amakhulu e-kinetic aveliswa sisithuthi esithwele umthwalo omkhulu esihla kwinqanaba elithile. Ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwe-assistant braking akusiyonto yokukhetha ukuqhuba kuphela; yimfuno yobunjineli esisiseko eyenzelwe ukugcina ii-base brakes zokuma ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuthomalalisa i-terminal.
Impembelelo yorhwebo kubomi beebhuleki kunye nokhuseleko
Iimpembelelo zorhwebo zokuqhobosha okuncediswayo okusebenzayo zidlulela ngaphaya kokuthobela ukhuseleko olusisiseko, zichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali lokugcinwa kweenqwelo kunye nexesha lokusebenza kwesithuthi. Umgca oqhelekileyo webrake yesiseko kwitrektara yeClass 8 udla ngokubiza phakathi kwe-$800 kunye ne-$1,200 nge-axle, oquka izinto zokuqhobosha, izixhobo, kunye nomsebenzi. Xa abaqhubi bexhomekeke rhoqo kwiibreki zesiseko ukulawula isantya sokuhla, izinto zokuqhobosha ziwohloka ngaphambi kwexesha, zihlala zifuna ukutshintshwa ngamathuba amafutshane njengeemayile ezingama-50,000 ukuya kuma-70,000.
Kwelinye icala, iinqwelo ezisebenzisa imigaqo eqinileyo yokuqhobosha iibhuleki ezincedisayo zihlala zandisa ubomi beebhuleki zesiseko ngama-300% ukuya kuma-500%. Kwiinkqubo ezinzima, ukusebenzisa ii-retarders ze-injini okanye ze-hydraulic kutshintsha ixesha lokuguguleka libe ngama-200,000 eemayile nangaphezulu. Oku kuncipha kwesantya sokulungisa kukwasusa ixesha lokungasebenzi elihambelanayo, elinokubiza umqhubi ngaphezulu kwe-$800 ukuya kwi-$1,000 ngosuku kwingeniso elahlekileyo. Ngenxa yoko, inkcitho yokuqala yenkunzi yenkqubo yokuqhobosha iibhuleki ezincedisayo esebenza kakuhle ivelisa imbuyekezo ekhawulezileyo kutyalo-mali ngeendleko zokulungisa ubomi ezincitshisiweyo kakhulu.
Iinkcazo eziphambili kunye nemida yenkqubo
Ukuze kuphuculwe ukhuseleko lweebhuleki, abaqhubi kufuneka baqonde imida yobugcisa phakathi kweenkqubo zesiseko kunye neenkqubo ezincedisayo.Iibhuleki zesiseko zisekelwe ekungqubaneni, iindlela ezisebenza ngomoya okanye ngamanzi ezikwiziphelo zamavili. Zenzelwe iziganeko zokunciphisa umfutho ophezulu, ixesha elifutshane. Iibhuleki ezincedisayo, ngokwahlukileyo, zizithinteli ezingenangqubano ezidityaniswe kwinjini, kwi-exhaust, okanye kwi-driveline, ezenzelwe ukuchithwa kwamandla okuphantsi, okuqhubekayo.
Umda wokusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo yokuncedisa uchazwa ngamandla ayo aphezulu okurhoxisa amandla (i-BHP) kunye nomthamo wokulahlwa kobushushu besithuthi. Nangona ibhuleki yoxinzelelo lwenjini yanamhlanje inokuvelisa amandla okurhoxisa afikelela kwi-600 BHP, la mandla ekugqibeleni adluliselwa kwinkqubo yokupholisa yenjini okanye akhutshwe nge-exhaust. Ukuba amandla e-kinetic aqhubekayo okuhla adlula umlinganiselo we-BHP wenkqubo yokuncedisa, isithuthi siya kukhawulezisa, nto leyo eya kufuna ukusetyenziswa okucwangcisiweyo, okwethutyana kweebhuleki zesiseko ukugcina ulungelelwaniso olukhuselekileyo.
Ukusebenza kweBraking eNcedisayo kwiDeductions ende
Ifiziksi yokwehla okude ifuna ibhalansi echanekileyo phakathi kokukhawuleziswa komxhuzulane kunye nokulibaziseka koomatshini. Isithuthi esiqhelekileyo seKlasi 8 esisebenza ngobunzima obudibeneyo (GCW) obuyi-80,000 lbs (36,287 kg) esihla nge-6% grade kwiimayile ezintlanu sivelisa umthamo omkhulu wamandla e-kinetic. Ngaphandle kokulibaziseka okuncedisayo, la mandla angagqitha ngoko nangoko imida yobushushu bezinto zokungqubana kwamavili.
Ukuqonda indlela ezahlukeneyo ezisebenza ngayo iiteknoloji zokuqhobosha ezincedisayo phantsi kwezi meko zinzima kubalulekile ukuze kuhambelane nezixhobo ezifanelekileyo kwiiprofayili ezithile zendlela. Ukusebenza akutshintshi; kuyaguquguquka ngokusekwe kwi-RPM yenjini, ukhetho lwegiya, kunye noyilo olubonakalayo lwendlela yokurhoxa.
Iibhuleki zenjini, iibhuleki zokukhupha umoya, kunye nee-hydraulic retarders
Iinkqubo zokuqhobosha ezincedisayo zihlala zahlulwe kwiindidi ezintathu ezahlukeneyo zoomatshini, nganye inikezela ngamanqanaba ahlukeneyo amandla okurhoxa kunye neempawu zokusebenza. Iibhreki zokukhupha umoya zisebenza ngokuthintela ukuhamba kweegesi zokukhupha umoya, zidala uxinzelelo lwasemva olumelana nokunyuka kweepiston ngexesha lokubetha kokukhupha umoya. Ezi nkqubo zihlala zifumaneka kwiindawo eziphakathi kwaye zivelisa amandla aphantsi angama-150 ukuya kuma-250 ehashe elirhoxayo.
Iibhuleki zoxinzelelo lwenjini, ezibizwa ngokuba ziiJake Brakes, zitshintsha ixesha levalvu yenjini. Ngokuvula iivalvu zokukhupha umoya kufutshane nomphezulu we-compression stroke, inkqubo ikhupha umoya oxinzelelweyo, iguqula injini ibe yi-air compressor efunxa amandla.Iibhuleki zenjini zanamhlanjeKwiqonga ledizili elinobukhulu obuziilitha ezili-13 ukuya kwezilitha ezili-15, iiplatifomu zedizili zinokuvelisa amandla aphakathi kwama-450 nama-600 ehashe elibuyela umva. Ii-hydraulic retarders, ezidityaniswe kwi-transmission okanye kwi-driveline, zisebenzisa i-fluid shear ukuvelisa ukumelana. Ezi zezona ndlela zinamandla, zikwaziyo ukunika amandla angaphezu kwama-800 ehashe elithuleyo neliqhubekayo lokubuya umva.
| Uhlobo lweNkqubo yoNcedo | Indlela Eyintloko | Amandla Aphezulu Okulibazisa (malunga) | Isicelo esifanelekileyo |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ibhuleki yokukhupha umoya | Ukuthintelwa koxinzelelo lomqolo | 150 – 250 HP | Indawo ethe tyaba nephakathi, enomsebenzi ophakathi |
| Uxinzelelo lweNjini | Utshintsho lwexesha levalvu | 450 – 600 HP | Iindlela ezinzima, ezineentaba |
| I-Hydraulic Retarder | Ukucheba ulwelo oluthambileyo | 600 – 800+ HP | Ubunzima obukhulu, ubunzima obukhulu kakhulu |
Iziphumo zomgangatho, umthwalo, ubunzima, umqhubi, kunye namandla okupholisa
Ukusebenza kwangempela kwayo nayiphi na inkqubo yokuqhobosha encedisayo kuguqulwa kakhulu ziinguqu zangaphandle. Amanqanaba aphezulu kunye nobunzima bomthwalo ophezulu afuna i-torque ephezulu erhoxisayo. Nangona kunjalo, amandla okuqhobosha adibene ngokungenakuhlukaniswa noqwalaselo lwe-drivetrain. Ngenxa yokuba iibhuleki ze-injini kunye ne-exhaust zixhomekeke kwisantya senjini, ukusebenza kwazo okuphezulu kufezekiswa kwi-RPM eziphezulu. Ukuba umqhubi ukhetha igiya ephezulu kakhulu, i-RPM yenjini iyehla, kwaye amandla okuqhobosha anokwehla ngaphezulu kwe-50%.
Ngaphezu koko, amandla okupholisa asebenza njengophahla oluqinileyo lokusebenza. Ii-hydraulic retarders, nangona zinamandla kakhulu, ziguqula amandla e-kinetic ngqo abe ngamandla obushushu ngaphakathi kolwelo lokudlulisa, oluthi emva koko luphonswe kwi-heat exchanger ebotshelelwe kwinkqubo yokupholisa yenjini. I-hydraulic retarder inokulahla ubushushu obungaphezulu kwama-400 kW kwi-coolant loop. Ukuba i-radiator yesithuthi kunye ne-fan clutch azikwazi ukulandula olu bushushu ngokukhawuleza, i-electronic control module (ECM) ye-retarder iya kucima ngokuzenzekelayo amandla okubhuleka ukuthintela ubushushu obukhulu benjini, nto leyo enyanzela umqhubi ukuba axhomekeke kwiibhuleki zesiseko.
Ukusetyenziswa Ngokufanelekileyo Komqhubi Ngaphambi Nangexesha Lokwehla
Izixhobo zokuqhobosha ezincedisayo eziphambili azisebenzi ukuba umqhubi akasebenzisi iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokuqhobosha. Isigaba esibalulekileyo sokuqhobosha ezintabeni senzeka ngaphambi kokuba imoto ifikelele encotsheni yentaba. Ulawulo lwesantya olusebenzayo kunye nokukhetha izixhobo kumisela umda wokhuseleko lobushushu, ngelixa ukuqhobosha okusabelayo ngokungenakuphepheka kukhokelela ekubalekeni kobushushu.
Iindlela ezilungileyo zoshishino zithi isithuthi kufuneka sibekwe kwindawo efanelekileyo yokuhla ngelixa sisesemhlabeni othe tyaba okanye siphuculwe kancinci ngaphambi kokuhla. Ukuzama ukunciphisa isithuthi esinzima ngelixa ukhawulezisa ngokungenakulawulwa phantsi komgangatho we-7% kuyingozi kwaye kudla ngokuba nzima ngoomatshini.
Ukuhlolwa kwangaphambi kokwehla, ukukhethwa kwezixhobo, kunye neethagethi zesantya
Ukuhlolwa kwangaphambi kokwehla kuqala ngokuqinisekisa imeko yokusebenza kwenkqubo yokuqhobosha encedisayo nokuqinisekisa ukuba ubushushu bokupholisa injini bukwinqanaba elifanelekileyo (ngesiqhelo ukusuka kwi-180°F ukuya kwi-195°F). Umgaqo osisiseko wokuqhobosha kukukhetha igiya evumela ibhreki encedisayo ukuba ibambe imoto ngesantya esizinzileyo nesikhuselekileyo ngaphandle kokusebenzisa rhoqo iibhreki zesiseko.
Kwiibhuleki zoxinzelelo lwenjini, amandla aphezulu okurhoxisa adla ngokufikelela phakathi kwe-1,900 kunye ne-2,100 RPM, kuxhomekeke kwiinkcukacha zomenzi wenjini. Abaqhubi kufuneka bajolise kwisantya sokuhla esingaphantsi kwe-5 ukuya kwi-10 mph ngaphantsi kwesantya esiphezulu esikhuselekileyo esichaziweyo kuloo nqanaba lithile. Ukuba isithuthi sifuna isantya esiphantsi ukugcina ulawulo, umqhubi kufuneka ehle ngaphambi kokuba kuqale ukuhla, evala i-transmission ibe ngumlinganiselo ogcina i-RPM yenjini iphezulu kunye nesantya sendlela siphantsi.
Ukudibanisa i-braking encedisayo kunye ne-braking eqinileyo yenkonzo ekhawulezileyo
Xa umgangatho unyuka okanye umthwalo unzima kakhulu, ibhuleki encedisayo yodwa isenokunganeli ukubamba isantya ekujoliswe kuso. Kwezi meko, abaqhubi kufuneka badibanise ibhuleki encedisayo neebhuleki zesiseko besebenzisa indlela eyaziwa ngokuba yi-"snubbing." I-snubbing ibandakanya ukusetyenziswa okuqinileyo, okungahambelaniyo kweebhuleki zenkonzo endaweni yokutsala okuqhubekekayo, okulula.
Ukuba isantya sesithuthi sinyuka nge-5 mph ngaphezu kwesantya esijoliswe kuso, umqhubi kufuneka asebenzise iibhuleki zokulungisa ngokuqinileyo (esebenzisa uxinzelelo lwe-brake oluyi-20 ukuya kwi-30 psi) ukunciphisa isantya sesithuthi ukuya kwi-5 mph ngaphantsi kwesantya esijoliswe kuso ngaphakathi kwemizuzwana emi-3 ukuya kwemi-5. Nje ukuba isantya esisezantsi sifikelelwe, iibhuleki zikhululwa ngokupheleleyo. Le ndlela ivumela inkqubo yokuncedisa ukuba yenze uninzi lomsebenzi ngelixa inika iibhuleki zesiseko ixesha elibalulekileyo lokuphola phakathi kwezicelo. Ukurhuqa iibhuleki kuxinzelelo oluphantsi (umz., i-5 ukuya kwi-10 psi) kuvelisa ukungqubana okuqhubekayo, okuthintela ukutshatyalaliswa kobushushu kunye nokuqhuba ngokukhawuleza amaqondo obushushu evili ngaphaya komda womngcipheko we-350°C.
Iimpawu zesilumkiso ezifuna ukuyeka
Abaqhubi kufuneka baqeqeshwe ukuba baqaphele iimpawu ezichukumisayo nezibonakalayo zokugqithiswa kobushushu. Eyona nto ibonakalayo yokuba iibhuleki zesiseko azisebenzi kakuhle kukuvakalelwa kwepedali enesiponji, okwenzeka xa ubushushu bendawo bubangela ukuba imigca ye-pneumatic yande okanyeulwelo lwebhuleki ye-hydraulicukubilisa (okwenzeka rhoqo ngaphezulu kwama-400°F kwiinkqubo ze-hydraulic). Esinye isilumkiso esibalulekileyo kukunyuka kwesantya sesithuthi ngokungagunyaziswanga nangona ibhuleki encedisayo isetyenziswa kumthamo ophezulu kwaye kusetyenziswa iibhuleki zenkonzo.
Iimpawu ezibonakalayo ziquka umsi ophuma kwiziphelo zamavili, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba izinto ezingqubanayo ziyatsha kwaye zikhupha igesi. Ukuba kukho naziphi na kwezi mpawu zesilumkiso, umqhubi kufuneka aqalise ukumisa ngokukhawuleza esebenzisa iindlela zokubaleka zelori ukuba kuyimfuneko, okanye atsale kwindawo ekhuselekileyo yokujika. Nje ukuba imiswe, imoto mayihlale imile imizuzu engama-30 ukuya kwengama-45 ukuvumela iibhuleki zesiseko ukuba ziphole ngokwendalo. Ukusebenzisa iibhuleki zokupaka kwiidrama ezishushu kakhulu kunokubangela ukuba iidrama zigobe okanye ziqhekeke njengoko ziqoba.
Ukuthobela imithetho, Uqeqesho, kunye noLondolozo
Ukugcina ukusebenza kakuhle kweenkqubo zokuqhobosha ezincedisayo kufuna indlela ecwangcisiweyo equka ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho, ishedyuli yokugcinwa engqongqo, kunye nemfundo eqhubekayo yomqhubi. Abaphathi beenqwelo-mafutha kufuneka balandele uthungelwano oluntsonkothileyo lwemithetho yasekuhlaleni kunye nezikhokelo ze-OEM ukuqinisekisa ukuba iinkqubo zisetyenziswa ngokusemthethweni kwaye zigcinwa zikwimeko entle yokusebenza.
Inkqubo yokuncedisa engagcinwanga kakuhle ayigcini nje ngokubeka emngciphekweni ukhuseleko kodwa ikwatshintsha idatha ye-telematics, nto leyo ekhokelela kuvavanyo lokusebenza olungachanekanga. Ukudibanisa ukugcinwa kwezixhobo kunye noqeqesho lomqhubi kudala inkqubo evaliweyo ephucula ukhuseleko lweebhuleki.
Imida ye-OEM, imithetho yendlela, kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yendlela yeentaba
Ukuthobela imithetho yendlela yasekuhlaleni yinto ebalulekileyo ekufuneka iqwalaselwe. Oomasipala abaninzi, ingakumbi kwiindawo zokuhlala okanye ezinengxaki yengxolo, banyanzelisa imithetho ethi "Akukho bhraki yenjini". Iibhraki zenjini zemveli ezingenayo i-muffing eyaneleyo zinokudlula i-90 decibels (dB), nto leyo ebangela imithetho engqongqo yokunciphisa ingxolo. Iinqanawa kufuneka zicwangcise indlela ngokufanelekileyo okanye zichaze izithuthi ezineteknoloji yokuthulisa umbane ephucukileyo ukuze zihlale zithobela ngaphandle kokubeka emngciphekweni ukhuseleko.
Ukongeza, abaqhubi kufuneka bathobele imida ye-OEM kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yeendlela zeentaba. Ucwangciso lwendlela yorhwebo ludla ngokuyalela iindawo zokujonga iibhuleki ezinyanzelekileyo kunye nesantya esiphezulu sokuhla ngokusekelwe kubunzima bezithuthi. Umzekelo, umgaqo-nkqubo wezithuthi unokukhawulela izithuthi ezingama-80,000-lb ukuya kwi-35 mph kwi-6% ethile yokwehla, nokuba umda wesantya uthini, ukuqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo yokuncedisa ukubhuleka isebenza ngaphakathi kwemida yayo yobushushu kunye neye-mechanical.
Ukuhlolwa, ukulinganiswa, inkqubo yokupholisa, kunye neemfuno zolwelo
Ukuwohloka koomatshini kwiinkqubo ezincedisayo kudla ngokuba bubuqhetseba. Iibhuleki zoxinzelelo lwenjini zixhomekeke kwiindlela ezichanekileyo zokuvula i-valve ukuze zisebenze ngokuchanekileyo. Njengoko injini iguga, ezi ndlela zokuvula ziyahamba. Ii-OEM zihlala zifuna ukulungiswa kwe-brake yenjini rhoqo emva kweekhilomitha ezili-100,000 ukuya kwezili-120,000. Ukungaphumeleli ukwenza olu hlengahlengiso kunokubangela ukulahleka kwamandla okubambezela angama-20% ukuya kuma-30%, nto leyo enyanzela umqhubi ukuba athembele kakhulu kwiibhuleki zesiseko.
Kwi-hydraulic retarders, imeko yolwelo ibaluleke kakhulu. Ukujikeleza kobushushu obugqithisileyo kwahlula i-viscosity yothumelo okanye ulwelo oluthile lwe-retarder. Utshintsho lolwelo kunye nesihluzo ludla ngokufuneka rhoqo emva kweekhilomitha ezingama-60,000 kwimijikelo enzima yomsebenzi. Ngaphezu koko, inkqubo yokupholisa injini kufuneka igcinwe ngononophelo. Amaphiko e-radiator kufuneka asuswe inkunkuma, kwaye kufuneka kuhlolwe ii-pressure caps zenkqubo yokupholisa (ezihlala zilinganiswa kwi-15 psi) ukuqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo inokusingatha umthwalo omkhulu wobushushu owaliwe yi-retarder ngaphandle kokubila ngaphezulu.
I-Telematics, uqeqesho lwabaqhubi, kunye nokuhlolwa kweziganeko
Izithuthi zorhwebo zanamhlanjeivelisa idatha enkulu yebhasi ye-J1939 CAN, ivumela iinqwelomoya ukuba zijonge ukusetyenziswa kweebhuleki ezincedisayo kude. Amaqonga eTelematics anokulandelela ipesenti echanekileyo yamandla okudambisa umbane afunxwa yinkqubo encedisayo xa kuthelekiswa neebhuleki zesiseko. Abaphathi beenqwelomoya kufuneka bamisele imiqathango, babeke uphawu lweziganeko apho amaqondo obushushu ebhuleki yesiseko adlula i-400°C okanye apho ukudambisa okuncedisayo kubalelwa ngaphantsi kwe-50% yamandla apheleleyo okudambisa umbane kwimigangatho eyaziwayo.
Olu lwazi lusisiseko soqeqesho lwabaqhubi ekujoliswe kubo. Endaweni yeentlanganiso zokhuseleko eziqhelekileyo, abalawuli bokhuseleko banokuphonononga iirekhodi zeziganeko ezithile nabaqhubi, bebabonisa ngqo apho basilele khona ukunciphisa isantya okanye apho basebenzise khona iibhuleki zenkonzo. Uphononongo lweziganeko emva kohambo olugxile kwimilinganiselo yolawulo lobushushu lukhuthaza inkcubeko yokuqhuba ngokuchanekileyo, okuguqulela ngokuthe ngqo kwimida yokhuseleko ephuculweyo kunye nolwandiso.imijikelo yobomi bezinto zebrake.
Ukukhetha Indlela Efanelekileyo Yokubhrakha Iibhuleki
Ukucacisa inkqubo efanelekileyo yokuqhobosha ngexesha lokuthengwa kwesithuthi sisigqibo esibalulekileyo sobunjineli esilawula amandla okusebenza kwesithuthi kulo lonke ixesha laso. Ukucacisa ngokugqithisileyo kongeza ubunzima obungeyomfuneko kunye neendleko zemali kwangaphambili, ngelixa ukungacacisi kuqinisekisa iindleko zokulungisa eziphezulu kunye nokhuseleko olusengozini kwiindawo ezinde.
Abaphathi beenqwelo-mafutha kufuneka bahlalutye imijikelo yabo yemisebenzi ephambili, iindawo zokusebenza kweendawo, kunye noqwalaselo lwemithwalo ukuze bakhethe inkqubo ehambelana neemfuno zabo ezithile ze-thermodynamic.
Iikhrayitheriya zesigqibo sokukhetha inkqubo
Iikhrayitheriya eziphambili zokukhetha inkqubo bubunzima bomthwalo kunye ne-topography yendlela. Iiveni ezomileyo ezisebenzisa ii-80,000-lb ezisemgangathweni kwiinduli eziqengqelekayo ze-American Midwest ziya kufumana ibhuleki yokucinezela injini eyaneleyo. Nangona kunjalo, imisebenzi equka ukuthutha okunzima, ukugawula imithi, okanye ulwakhiwo lweetreyila ezininzi (ezifana nee-B-trains ezixabisa i-105,500 lbs okanye ngaphezulu) ezihamba kwiintaba zeRocky zijongene neeprofayili zamandla e-kinetic ezahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo.
Kwezi zicelo zigqithisileyo, amandla obushushu ebhuleki yenjini ahlala enganele, nto leyo eyenza ukuba i-hydraulic driveline retarder ibe yimfuneko. Umjikelo wobomi kufuneka uqwalaselwe; isithuthi esicwangciselwe umjikelo worhwebo weminyaka emi-5 asinakubuyisa i-$4,000 ukuya kwi-$6,000 ye-hydraulic retarder ngaphandle kokuba isetyenziswe kwisicelo esinzima se-100%.
| Umjikelo woMsebenzi / iTopografi | Ubunzima boMdibaniso oPheleleyo (GCW) | Inkqubo Encedisayo Ecetyiswayo | Ubomi beBrake yeSiseko esilindelweyo |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yengingqi / Iflethi ukuya kwiRolling | Ukuya kuthi ga kwi-80,000 lbs | Ibhreki yokukhupha umoya / Ibhreki yenjini ethambileyo | Iimayile ezingaphezu kwama-250,000 |
| I-OTR / Intaba | Iikhilogram ezingama-80,000 | Ibhuleki yenjini esebenza kakuhle | Iimayile eziyi-150,000 – 200,000 |
| Umsebenzi Onzima / Amanqanaba Aphezulu | Iikhilogram ezili-105,500+ | I-Hydraulic Retarder | Iimayile eziyi-120,000 – 150,000 |
Xa kufuneka ubeke phambili amandla aphezulu okulibazisa okanye ukuhlanganiswa okungcono
Ngaphaya kwamandla ehashe angasebenzi kakuhle, abathengi kufuneka bahlole ukuhlanganiswa kwenkqubo. Izithuthi zorhwebo zanamhlanje zixhomekeke kakhulu kwi-Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS), kuquka ne-Collision Mitigation Systems (CMS) kunye ne-Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC). Inkqubo yokuqhobosha encedisayo kufuneka inxibelelane kakuhle nezi suites ze-elektroniki. Iibhuleki zenjini zidibana ngokwendalo ne-ACC elawulwa yinjini, zibonelela ngolawulo lwesantya olugudileyo ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kwebhuleki eqhutywa ngomoya.
Xa kubekwa phambili amandla aphezulu okurhoxisa, iinqanawa kufuneka zamkele ukutshintshiselana kobunzima obunyusiweyo besithuthi. I-hydraulic retarder ingongeza iikhilogram ezili-150 ukuya kwezingama-200 kumgca wokuqhuba, nto leyo enciphisa kancinci amandla aphezulu omthwalo. Ekugqibeleni, ukhetho phakathi kwamandla aphezulu okurhoxisa kunye nokuhlanganiswa okucwangcisiweyo kuxhomekeke ekubeni ingozi ephambili yesithuthi kukugqithiswa kobushushu obuvela ekwehleni kweentaba okuqhubekayo okanye isidingo solawulo lwesantya oluzenzekelayo nolusebenzayo kwizithuthi zendlela ezahlukeneyo.
Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe
- Sebenzisa i-assistant braking njengendlela ephambili yokulawula isantya xa uthatha i-long downgrades ukuze ii-foundation brakes zihlale zifumaneka xa ungxamisekile.
- Kuphephe ukusebenzisa iibhuleki rhoqo kuba amaqondo obushushu edrama angaphezu kwama-250°C anokubangela ukufiphala kwaye anciphise kakhulu amandla okumisa.
- Khetha igiya ephantsi ngokwaneleyo ngaphambi kokuba yehle ukuze ibhuleki yenjini okanye i-retarder ikwazi ukugcina isantya ngaphandle kokusebenzisa rhoqo i-foundation-brake.
- Faka iibhuleki zesiseko rhoqo nangokuqinileyo kuphela xa isantya sidlula ithagethi ekhuselekileyo, uze uzikhulule ukuze uvumele ukupholisa.
- Ukuqhobosha okuncedisayo okulawulwa kakuhle kunokwandisa ubomi benkonzo yebhreki yesiseko ukusuka kwiikhilomitha ezingama-50,000–70,000 ukuya kwiikhilomitha ezingama-200,000 nangaphezulu xa usebenza nzima.
- Hlola amagumbi eebhuleki, izilungisi ze-slack, ii-calipers, ii-linings, ii-drum, ii-disc, kunye nezixhobo zenkqubo yomoya rhoqo kuba i-assistant brake ikhusela kodwa ayithathi indawo yenkqubo ephambili yeebhuleki.
Imibuzo ebuzwa qho
Yintoni esetyenziselwa ukubhuleka okuncedisayo xa kusenziwa ukwehla okude?
Ibhuleki encedisayo ilawula isantya sesithuthi kwinjini, kwi-exhaust, okanye kwi-driveline ukuze iibhuleki zesiseko zihlale zipholile kwaye zilungele ukuma ngequbuliso okanye ukuthomalalisa kokugqibela.
Kutheni abaqhubi kufuneka baphephe ukukhwela iibhuleki zenkonzo ezisezantsi?
Ukusetyenziswa rhoqo kweebhuleki zenkonzo kunokutshisa kakhulu iidrama okanye iidiski, okubangela ukufiphala kweebhuleki, ukuguguleka kwelayini ngokukhawuleza, kunye nokulahlekelwa lulawulo lwesithuthi xa sihla ngendlela ende.
Kumaqondo obushushu angakanani apho ukufiphala kweebhuleki kungaba yingozi enkulu?
Ukufiphala kweebhuleki kungaqala xa amaqondo obushushu edrama edlula malunga nama-250°C (482°F), kwaye ubushushu obugqithisileyo obungaphezulu kwama-500°C (932°F) bunokubangela umonakalo kwinxalenye okanye umngcipheko womlilo.
Ngaba ukubhuleka okuncediswayo kunokutshintsha ngokupheleleyo iibhuleki zesiseko?
Hayi. Iibhuleki ezincedisayo zezokulawula isantya okuqhubekayo, ngelixa iibhuleki zesiseko zisafuneka xa kumiswe ngokukhawuleza, xa kuqhutywa isantya esiphantsi, kwaye xa kumiswe okokugqibela.
Ukubhuleka okuncediswayo ngokufanelekileyo kunciphisa njani iindleko zokugcinwa kweenqwelo-mafutha?
Ukusebenzisa i-assistant braking ngokuchanekileyo kunokwandisa ubomi be-foundation brake ngamaxesha aliqela, kunciphisa ukuphinda kusebenze, ixesha lokungasebenzi, kunye nokuguga kwezinto ezifana nee-brake chambers, ii-calipers, ii-pad, kunye ne-slack adjusters.
Ixesha leposi: Juni-23-2026